FIP in Cats Can Worsen Fast: Signs & Treatment Explained

Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is a life-threatening viral disease in cats caused by a mutated form of feline coronavirus. Depending on the type of FIP, cats may develop symptoms such as abdominal fluid build up, breathing problems, neurological abnormalities, or eye inflammation. Although feline viral infection was once considered fatal, newer antiviral medications have improved treatment outcomes and survival chances for some cats. 

Quick Summary

• A feline coronavirus mutation is the cause of FIP.
• Fluid accumulation is caused by wet FIP.
• Organs like the brain and sight are impacted by dry FIP.
• Early intervention increases the likelihood of survival.
• Antiviral drugs are currently accessible. 

What is FIP in cats? Types of feline infectious peritonitis

A mutant feline coronavirus is the cause of the dangerous viral illness known as feline infectious peritonitis (FIP). It arises when a common, generally benign feline enteric coronavirus (FECV) changes inside the cat’s body into the more dangerous feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV).

In cats, there are two primary types of FIP:

• Wet, effusive feline infectious peritonitis

This type results in fluid accumulation in the chest or abdomen, which can cause breathing problems, a large belly, or low energy.

• Dry, non-effusive feline infectious peritonitis
  

Organs like the eyes, brain, liver, or kidneys become inflamed as a result of this kind. Cats with dry FIP may experience chronic fever, weight loss, neurological symptoms, or changes in their eyes. 

Even though cats are frequently infected with feline coronavirus, only a small proportion of infected cats go on to acquire the disease after the virus mutates and causes an aberrant immune response. 

Early signs of FIP

Depending on the disease type and organs impacted, this feline coronavirus disease can present with a variety of early symptoms. Signs frequently start off slowly and get worse over time. 

Common early signs of feline infectious peritonitis in cats include:

• Persistent or recurring fever
• Loss of appetite
• Weight loss
• Lethargy or reduced activity
• Swollen abdomen caused by fluid buildup
• Breathing difficulty or rapid breathing
• Eye inflammation or changes in vision
• Wobbling, seizures, or other neurological abnormalities

Early veterinarian evaluation is crucial to determine the underlying cause and start the proper treatment as soon as possible because these symptoms might mimic other conditions. 

How cats get infected

Cats are mostly infected by the feline enteric coronavirus, which causes FIP, through close contact and their surroundings. These are the typical ways it spreads:

• Poop. Cat poop is the primary way that the virus spreads, particularly when cats share a litter box.
• Saliva. Additionally, it can spread through food bowls and when cats groom (lick) one another.
• Sneezing. Sneezing may also transmit the virus, though it is less common.
• Short virus shedding. The majority of infected cats will shed the virus in their feces for a few months before stopping.
• Long-term virus shedding. Some cats carry the virus with them for the rest of their lives.

How vets diagnose the disease

The signs of feline infectious peritonitis can resemble many other cat diseases, making diagnosis challenging. Vets often use physical exams, blood tests, imaging, and fluid analysis to assess affected cats, although no single test can fully confirm the disease. In some cases, biopsy or laboratory tissue analysis may be needed to rule out other conditions.

When should you see a vet?

If you observe persistent fever, decreased appetite, weight loss, breathing difficulties, swelling tummy, inflammation in the eyes, or abrupt neurological changes like wobble or seizures, you should take your cat to the vet. Over time, these symptoms may get worse and point to a serious underlying illness. 

In order to evaluate cats suspected of feline viral infection and suggest suitable treatment options, our veterinary staff at Starlight Veterinary Hospital conducts clinical examinations, blood tests, imaging, and continuous monitoring. 

Early veterinary evaluation is crucial if your cat is exhibiting strange symptoms. To schedule a consultation with Starlight Veterinary Hospital more quickly and easily, download the Pet Universe app. 

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